The ESA, NASA and CSA have released new images of Saturn captured by the James Webb and Hubble space telescopes that offer an unprecedented view of the gas giant’s atmosphere. Particularly, comparing shots captured with Hubble against an infrared view from Webb highlights details in the composition and movement of Saturn’s outer layers.
The Hubble images were captured as part of the Outer Planet Atmosphere Legacy program in August 2024, while the Webb images were shot a few months later. “Both sense sunlight reflected from Saturn’s banded clouds and hazes,” NASA says, “but where Hubble reveals subtle color variations across the planet, Webb’s infrared view senses clouds and chemicals at many different depths in the atmosphere, from the deep clouds to the tenuous upper atmosphere.”
Hubble has historically been used to track storms on Saturn, and you can see bands of atmospheric clouds in the telescope’s new photo. The infrared sensors on the Webb telescope are able to highlight even more detail, like the highly-reflective ice of Saturn’s ring, which is practically white in the photo, and grey-green shading on the planet’s poles. The different coloring in the Webb photo could be caused by a “a layer of high-altitude aerosols” scattering light across latitudes, or “charged molecules interacting with the planet’s magnetic field” and causing “auroral activity.”
The visual information from both telescopes is valuable to scientists and should prove to be more valuable over time. “These 2024 observations, taken 14 weeks apart, show the planet moving from northern summer toward the 2025 equinox,” NASA says. “As Saturn transitions into southern spring, and later southern summer in the 2030’s, Hubble and Webb will have progressively better views of that hemisphere.”
