Iceland voted ‘No’ to resuming membership negotiations with the European Union, final referendum results showed Sunday, dealing a heavy blow to Brussels which had been keen to welcome a new wealthy member.
In a vote held Saturday, 52.8 percent of Icelanders rejected the resumption of EU entry talks suspended 13 years ago, while 47.2 percent voted ‘Yes’, according to the official tally published by RUV, the public broadcaster.
The result will be a disappointment to Brussels, which had appeared willing to compromise on thorny issues to facilitate Iceland’s accession.
The result will also likely bury the EU question in Iceland until at least 2028.
The country of just under 400,000 people applied to join the EU in the wake of a 2009 financial crisis that devastated its economy.
Membership talks were then suspended in 2013 when a eurosceptic government came to power.
Amid growing international tensions, Iceland’s current government headed by Social Democratic Prime Minister Kristrun Frostadottir wanted to sound out Icelanders on deepening their ties to the EU.
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The small North Atlantic island is already closely linked to the EU as a member of the European Economic Area and the free-movement Schengen zone — ties which will remain unchanged.
Technically, the referendum result is non-binding but the government has vowed to respect it.
The government will hold a press conference on Sunday at 1:00 pm (1300 GMT) to present its plans.
‘We will be fine’
Debates ahead of the vote had mainly revolved around domestic and economic issues, even if the war in Ukraine and US President Donald Trump’s ambitions for neighbouring Greenland — which he has mixed up with Iceland on several occasions — featured in discussions.
The campaign had “lifted discussions about the EU, about Iceland’s place in the world, about our general geopolitical situation and status, to a higher level”, Frostadottir said on Saturday after she cast her ballot.
She was openly in favour of a ‘Yes’, but “we will be fine also if it’s a ‘No’,” she said.
Frostadottir had vowed that if Iceland rejected the resumption of entry talks, the EU membership issue would not be put back on the political agenda during her mandate, which ends in 2028.
The government had also said that in the event of a ‘No’, it would leave to parliament the question of whether or not to formally withdraw the country’s EU membership application.
Political analysts had said they did not expect the government to resign in the event of a ‘No’ victory. Made up of three parties with differing views on EU membership, it could emerge weakened by a rejection.
Had the ‘Yes’ camp emerged victorious, Iceland would have resumed its negotiations with Brussels, including on the hotly contested issue of fishing — a pillar of Iceland’s economy and part of its national identity, and over which Reykjavik wants to retain exclusive control.
Any accession agreement would have then been put to a new referendum in Iceland.
The fisheries sector has been fiercely opposed to joining the bloc — 90 percent of companies in the industry are against the idea — and the EU had tried to woo them with a conciliatory approach ahead of the vote.
“Iceland’s unique specificities on fisheries and agriculture are well known. They would have to be carefully considered,” EU Enlargement Commissioner Marta Kos had said.
“I’m confident that, together with EU member states, we would find creative solutions.”
An EU source in Brussels told AFP: “I don’t think anyone (in the EU) wants to block an accession over a question of fish.”
Brussels had hoped to be able to present Icelandic membership as an example of positive enlargement that could also make it more palatable for member states to agree to take in poorer countries like Montenegro.
It would also have enabled it to enlarge its presence in the strategic Arctic region, and perhaps helped change some minds in ultra-wealthy non-EU member Norway.
